This report is the outcome of a study commissioned by the World Food Programme as part of its global work on school feeding. It explores the particular challenges posed by humanitarian emergencies, and the ways in which school feeding can play a role in emergency contexts. Based on a desk review of relevant policies and research literature, and interviews with key stakeholders, the report argues for a definition of emergency school feeding as an intervention to ensure children’s protection and food access, in support of educational goals. This approach entails a shift from an activity-centred to a beneficiary-centred intervention, where the needs of child and youth beneficiaries in emergencies guide the ways that activities and modalities are directed and adjusted.