In the eastern Congo, a number of interventions have been implemented to assist victims of sexual violence, but much less work has been done to prevent sexual violence from happening in the first place. This report therefore seeks to increase our knowledge of possible preventive strategies. In particular, it turns the attention to the issue of men and existing definitions and practices of masculinity and gender in the eastern Congo, arguing that sexual violence is not an isolated conflict phenomenon, but must be understood within the larger sociocultural context to which offenders and victims belong.